Microbial production of S-adenosyl-l-methionine: a review / 生物工程学报

S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) is ubiquitous in living organisms and plays important roles in transmethylation, transsulfuration and transamination in organisms. Due to its important physiological functions, production of SAM has attracted increasing attentions. Currently, researches on SAM production mainly focus on microbial fermentation, which is more cost-effective than that of the chemical synthesis and the enzyme catalysis, thus easier to achieve commercial production. With the rapid growth in SAM demand, interests in improving SAM production by developing SAM hyper-producing microorganisms aroused. The main strategies for improving SAM productivity of microorganisms include conventional breeding and metabolic engineering. This review summarizes the recent research progress in improving microbial SAM productivity to facilitate further improving SAM productivity. The bottlenecks in SAM biosynthesis and the solutions were also addressed.

Development and practice of national first-class undergraduate course "bioengineering equipment" / 生物工程学报

As a strategic emerging industry of China, the biotechnology industry develops rapidly in recent years, which significantly increased the demand for creative and capable talents. As a core curriculum of bioengineering specialty, biotechnology equipment plays an important role in fostering such talents. To address the problems in biotechnology equipment course teaching such as limited equipment availability, limited engineering practice, and lack of learning motivations, curriculum reform and optimization were performed based on curriculum resource development, virtual reality-physical combined engineering training, and boosting learning motivations. The optimized teaching contents focus on fostering morality, intelligence, and creative practice abilities by connecting new requirements of social development, introducing new progress in biotechnology research, as well as new practices in research and development (R & D). Measures such as teaching methods innovation, assessment and evaluation methods optimization, cutting-edge R & D progress, diverse resources integration, and online-offline combined teaching, were developed to boost the learning motivation and foster the innovation competence of students. By above exploration and practice, the practice and innovation competence of students were significantly enhanced.

Biosynthesis and regulatory mechanism of acarbose and its structural analogs: a review / 生物工程学报

Acarbose is widely used as α-glucosidase inhibitor in the treatment of type Ⅱ diabetes. Actinoplanes sp. is used for industrial production of acarbose. As a secondary metabolite, the biosynthesis of acarbose is quite complex. In addition to acarbose, a few acarbose structural analogs are also accumulated in the culture broth of Actinoplanes sp., which are hard to remove. Due to lack of systemic understanding of the biosynthesis and regulation mechanisms of acarbose and its structural analogs, it is difficult to eliminate or reduce the biosynthesis of the structural analogs. Recently, the advances in omics technologies and molecular biology have facilitated the investigations of biosynthesis and regulatory mechanisms of acarbose and its structural analogs in Actinoplanes sp.. The genes involved in the biosynthesis of acarbose and its structural analogs and their regulatory mechanism have been extensively explored by using bioinformatics analysis, genetic manipulation and enzymatic characterization, which is summarized in this review.

Development and application of in-situ microscopy in on-line monitoring of cell biomass / 生物工程学报

With the rapid development of modern biotechnology, fermentation process is increasingly important in industrial production. To guarantee the stability of products, fermentation process should be elaborately monitored and controlled. Biomass is an important parameter for on-line monitoring in bioprocesses because biomass can reflect cell growth in a bioreactor directly. In-situ microscope, a non-invasive and image-analysis based technology, can real-time monitor cells in biological process. This review summarizes the development and application of in-situ microscopy in biomass monitoring.

One stage reconstruction of limb injuries caused by high energy in 55 patients / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To report the clinical results of one stage reconstruction of high-energyinjured limbs. Methods From January 2001 to July 2006,one stage reconstruction was done on 55patients suffered from massive limb trauma,severe open fractures or spoiled limbs caused by high energy.There included 16 patients with Gustilo Type-Ⅲ C fractures,with mangled extremity severity score (MESS)of(6.25 ±2.53)points.All patients were treated with transplantation of free flaps or pedicle skin flaps,fracture fixation,nerve reconstruction or functional reconstruction. Results All limbs were saved and all flaps were transplanted successfully.without protracted course to obtain soft tissue coverage.The hospitalization was mean 24 days(12-63 days)and follow-up ranged from 12 months to 50 months (averaged 23 months).Complications including wound infection,bone nonunion,necrosis and morbidity were significanfly less likely to appear than conventional ways and the ultimate functional results of the saved limbs were at least better than that of artificial ones. Conclusions In comparison with traditional methods,one stage reconstruction of severe high energy-injured limbs has advantages of easier justification of tissue structure,better match of donor and recipient blood vessels,easier operation design,shorter hospitalization and better functional recovery.Definitive wound closure with vascularised tissue transfer can facilitate local blood supply.decrease bone infection and hence promote bone healing.

Effects of Early Psychological Intervention on Activity of Daily Living of Old Stroke Patients / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To study the effect of psychological intervention on activity of daily living(ADL) in old stroke patients.Methods 120 old stroke patients were divided into treatment group and control group,each including 60 cases.All the cases accepted routine neurological therapy and early rehabilitation training.The patients in the treatment group were additionally treated with psychological intervention.Before and 2,4 and 12 weeks after treatment,they were assessed with modified Bathel Index(MBI) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS).Results 4 and 12 weeks after treatment,the scores of MBI and NIHSS improved more in treatment group than in control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Psychological intervention can facilitate the recovery of neural function and ADL after stroke.

Immediate reconstruction of Gustilo grade-Ⅲ long bone fractures caused by high energy:29 patients / 中国矫形外科杂志

[Objective]To report the clinical results of immediate reconstruction of open grade Ⅲ long bone fractures caused by high-energy.[Method]From Jan.2001 to Jul.2006,vascular flaps were applied in 29 patients suffering from massive limb trauma,complicated by Gustilo grade-Ⅲ open fractures(11 were type B,and 18 type C) and massive soft tissue defects,caused by high-energy,through an emergency procedure.Meanwhile,vessels and nerves were repaired,broken bones and tendons were reconstructed.The mean MESS(Mangled extremity severity score) score was 6.27(6.27?2.43).[Result]All limbs were salvaged and all the flaps survived without protracted course to obtain soft tissue coverage.The mean hospital stay was 23 days(12-67 days) and the follow-up ranged 14 to 58 months(mean 26 months).No severe complication occurred,including wound infection,bone nonunion,necrosis and morbidity.The ultimate functional results of the salvaged limbs were at least better than artificial limbs.[Conclusion]The immediate reconstruction of severely injured limbs complicated by Gustilo type Ⅲ fractures caused by high energy has the advantages over traditional methods.This technique enables controlling bone,soft tissue and other problems together through an emergency procedure with a relatively shortened in-hospital stay and less fibrosis,thereby favoring the functional outcome.Early wound healing favors antibiotic diffusion and local blood supply.It may be an alternative for fast fixation and better bone healing.

Medial leg flap containing posterior tibial vessels for reconstructio n in children's limb injuries by high-energy / 中国矫形外科杂志

[Objective]To report the clinical results of free medical leg flap containing posterior tibial vessels (FMLFPTV) in repairing of serious limb trauma caused by high-energy in children and discuss the flap's unique superiorities.[Method]From Jan.1999 to Mar.2006,FMLFPTV were obtained under tourniquet and applied in ten children suffered from serious limb and extremity injuries complicated by soft tissue defects,meanwhile,vessels and nerves were repaired with the flaps' corresponding tissues,moreover,broken bones and tendons were reconstructed.[Result]Average blood loss was 183ml and mean operative time was 208 min.All flaps were transplanted successfully with excellent results including satisfactory limb appearance.Follow-up ranged 14 to 67 months (averaged 35 months).Sensation has recovered to more than S3 in all cases.In those who were treated with this innervated flap to repair defects of weight-bearing area of sole,no sore or ulcer occurred and normal gait recovered.Bone union took 4～9 months(averaged 6.7 months).Through investigation forms filled by parents and clinical examination,no blood supply problem or morbidity was discovered in donor limbs.[Conclusion]FMLFPTV is easy to dissect under tourniquets with relative short operative time and less blood lost which especially benefits children.The flap is thin and has almost necessary related tissues for all reconstructive needs,for example,to bridge vessel and nerve defects,and offer excellent results.It is an easy and reliable method.